The normal stress and the pressure, are crucial for understanding failure by coverĮrosion. Variation in the hydraulic variables, such as the flow velocity, the shear stress, Has focused on the amount of wave overtopping under different hydraulicĬonditions and for diverse flood defences. Knowledge is missing on the hydraulic load of overtopping waves. The strength of the grass cover against wave overtopping. Of wave overtopping have already been performed to determine the load on and The grass cover erosion by overtopping waves. Strength, the grass cover starts to erode, and continuation of this erosion can leadĪccurate descriptions of the wave overtopping load are essential to predict Once the hydraulic load of the overtopping waves exceeds the grass cover Waves that flow over the dike crest and accelerate along the landward slope. These flood defences experience high hydraulic loads by overtopping Grass-covered flood defences are globally used to protect low-lying areas againstįlooding.
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